Evidence for poor socioeconomic - poor academic performance:
“socioeconomically disadvantaged students are more likely to: drop out of school, repeat a grade, finish their studies at the same time as their more advantaged peers with less prestigious qualifications, and, in general, have lower learning outcomes as indicated by their poor performance in standardised assessments such as the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) (see, for example, Coleman et al., 1966; Peaker, 1971; Jencks, 1972, Crane, 1996, Finn & Rock, 1997; and comprehensive reviews such as White, 1982; McLoyd, 1998; Buchmann, 2002; Sirin, 2005)” (Agasisti et al., 2018, p. 6)
Student characteristics:
“Most of the research examining students’ capacity to thrive despite adverse circumstances illustrates the key role played by character strengths, such as confidence in their academic abilities, assertiveness, capacity to work hard, high levels of internal motivation to achieve and ambitious aspirations for their future (Martin and Marsh, 2009; OECD, 2012)” (Agasisti et al., 2018, p. 6)
Garmezy and Rutter, 1983; Luthar, 2006: students’ experiences in school and in their broader social sphere help them to develop these adaptive skills,rather than just individual characteristics
the paper used data from 9960 15 years old Italian students to identify how teachers could make effective intervention in the contexts where students are very unlikely to attain even the most basic levels of competence in mathematics.
the findings show there is an interaction btw the degree of development of a geographic region, the socio-economic and cultural background of schools and families, and the gender of students which can create great initial disadvantages for students. the resilience of students to such disadvantages is related to factors such as teaching strategies and academic self-efficacy which appear to be valid and modifiable also in local school and family contexts with less resources.
bài này lí luận có thể use cho kappa:
“according to OECD (2011, p.23) “a resilient student is the one who outperforms her or his colleagues sharing the same socio-economic background”.Thisdefinition focuses attention only on issues related to socio-economic status, when disadvantageous and unfavourable situations, such as the individual characteristics of the school and the geographic area of residence, could exist on various different planes that can interact at different levels.” (Alivernini et al., 2016, p. 20)